A carboxylate is a salt Salt is a mineral that is composed primarily of sodium chloride. It is essential for animal life in small quantities, but is harmful to animals and plants in excess. Salt flavor is one of the basic tastes, making salt one of the oldest, most ubiquitous food seasonings. Salting is an important method of food preservation or ester Esters are chemical compounds derived by reacting an oxoacid with a hydroxyl compound such as an alcohol or phenol. Esters are usually derived from an inorganic acid or organic acid in which at least one -OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an -O-alkyl (alkoxy) group, and most commonly from carboxylic acids and alcohols. Basically, esters are of a carboxylic acid Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of at least one carboxyl group. A carboxyl group is a functional group consisting of a carbonyl and a hydroxyl, which has the formula -C(=O)OH, usually written -COOH or -CO2H. Carboxylic acids are Brønsted-Lowry acids — they are proton donors. Salts and anions of carboxylic acids. Carboxylate salts have the general formula M(RCOO)n, where M is a metal and n is 1,2,...; carboxylate esters have the general formula RCOOR'. R and R' are organic groups; R'≠H.
A carboxylate ion is the conjugate base Within the Brønsted–Lowry acid-base theory , a conjugate acid is the acid member, HX, of a pair of two compounds that transform into each other by gain or loss of a proton. A conjugate acid can also be seen as the chemical substance that releases, or donates, a proton in the forward chemical reaction, hence, the term acid. The base produced, X∠of a carboxylic acid, RCOO−. It is an ion An ion is an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge. An anion , from the Greek word ἀνω (anο), meaning "up", is an ion with more electrons than protons, giving it a net negative charge (since electrons are negatively with negative charge Electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interaction. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields. The interaction between a moving charge and an electromagnetic field is the source of the electromagnetic force, which is one of the.
Resonance stabilization of the carboxylate ion
Carboxylic acids easily dissociate into a carboxylate anion and a positively charged hydrogen ion (proton), much more readily than alcohols do (into an alkoxide An alkoxide is the conjugate base of an alcohol and therefore consists of an organic group bonded to a negatively charged oxygen atom. They can be written as RO–, where R is the organic substituent. Alkoxides are strong bases and, when R is not bulky, good nucleophiles and good ligands. Alkoxides, although generally not stable in protic solvents ion and a proton), because the carboxylate ion is stabilized by resonance In chemistry, resonance or mesomerism is the appearance of delocalized electrons within a compound, giving a structure that cannot be expressed by one single Lewis formula. A molecule with such delocalized electrons is represented by several contributing structures . Each contributing structure is reflected by a Lewis structure with a single,. The negative charge that is left after deprotonation Deprotonation is the removal of a proton from a molecule, forming the conjugate base of the carboxyl group is shared between the two electronegative Electronegativity, symbol χ , is a chemical property that describes the ability of an atom (or, more rarely, a functional group) to attract electrons (or electron density) towards itself. An atom's electronegativity is affected by both its atomic weight and the distance that its valence electrons reside from the charged nucleus. The higher the oxygen atoms in a resonance structure.
This delocalization In chemistry, delocalized electrons are electrons in a molecule that are not associated with a single atom or one covalent bond. Delocalized electrons are contained within an orbital that extends over several adjacent atoms. Classically, delocalized electrons can be found in conjugated systems and mesoionic compounds. It is increasingly of the electron cloud means that either of the oxygen atoms is less strongly negatively charged; the positively charged proton is therefore less strongly attracted back to the carboxylate group once it has left. In contrast, an alkoxide ion, once formed, would have a strong negative charge on the oxygen atom, which would make it difficult for the proton to escape. Thus, the carboxylate ion is more stable and carboxylic acids have a lower pH In chemistry, pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It approximates but is not equal to p[H], the negative logarithm of the molar concentration of dissolved hydronium ions (H3O+); a low pH indicates a high concentration of hydronium ions, while a high pH indicates a low concentration. Crudely, this negative of the logarithm than alcohols: the higher the number of protons in solution, the lower the pH. [1]
Examples
- formate Formate or methanoate is the ion CHOO− or HCOO− . It is the simplest carboxylate anion ion, HCOO−
- acetate An acetate is either a salt or an ester of acetic acid. The formula of the acetate anion (part of a salt) is written both as CH3CO2− and C2H3O2−. Chemists abbreviate acetate as OAc− and AcO−. Thus HOAc is the abbreviation for acetic acid, NaOAc for sodium acetate, and EtOAc for ethyl acetate. Acetate is a common anion in biology ion, CH3COO−
References
- ^ Fox, Marye Anne; Whitesell, James K. (1997). Organic Chemistry (2 ed.). Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. ISBN The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering (SBN) code created by Gordon Foster, now Emeritus Professor of Statistics at Trinity College, Dublin, for the booksellers and stationers W.H. Smith and others in 1966 0-7637-0178-5.
Categories: Anions | Carboxylate anions
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